Python GUI 编程入门教程第22章:综合实战项目——记账本应用

liuian 2025-10-19 08:46 30 浏览

22.1 项目目标

我们要开发一个带数据库的记账本，主要功能：

添加收支记录（日期、类别、金额、备注）
显示所有记录（表格形式）
支持删除记录
自动保存到SQLite数据库
统计总收支

22.2 项目结构

budget_app.py
budget.db   # SQLite数据库文件

22.3 核心代码实现

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk, messagebox
import sqlite3
from datetime import datetime

class BudgetApp:
    def __init__(self, root):
        self.root = root
        self.root.title("记账本")
        self.root.geometry("700x500")

        # 连接数据库
        self.conn = sqlite3.connect("budget.db")
        self.cursor = self.conn.cursor()
        self.create_table()

        # 输入区
        frame_input = tk.Frame(self.root)
        frame_input.pack(pady=10)

        tk.Label(frame_input, text="日期(YYYY-MM-DD):").grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5)
        self.entry_date = tk.Entry(frame_input)
        self.entry_date.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5)
        self.entry_date.insert(0, datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d"))

        tk.Label(frame_input, text="类别:").grid(row=0, column=2, padx=5)
        self.combo_type = ttk.Combobox(frame_input, values=["收入", "支出"], width=8)
        self.combo_type.grid(row=0, column=3, padx=5)
        self.combo_type.current(0)

        tk.Label(frame_input, text="金额:").grid(row=0, column=4, padx=5)
        self.entry_amount = tk.Entry(frame_input, width=10)
        self.entry_amount.grid(row=0, column=5, padx=5)

        tk.Label(frame_input, text="备注:").grid(row=0, column=6, padx=5)
        self.entry_note = tk.Entry(frame_input, width=15)
        self.entry_note.grid(row=0, column=7, padx=5)

        tk.Button(frame_input, text="添加记录", command=self.add_record).grid(row=0, column=8, padx=10)

        # 表格区
        self.tree = ttk.Treeview(self.root, columns=("id", "date", "type", "amount", "note"), show="headings")
        self.tree.heading("id", text="ID")
        self.tree.heading("date", text="日期")
        self.tree.heading("type", text="类别")
        self.tree.heading("amount", text="金额")
        self.tree.heading("note", text="备注")

        self.tree.column("id", width=50, anchor="center")
        self.tree.column("date", width=100, anchor="center")
        self.tree.column("type", width=80, anchor="center")
        self.tree.column("amount", width=80, anchor="center")
        self.tree.column("note", width=200, anchor="w")

        self.tree.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, padx=10, pady=10)

        # 操作按钮
        frame_btn = tk.Frame(self.root)
        frame_btn.pack(pady=5)

        tk.Button(frame_btn, text="删除记录", command=self.delete_record).pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=10)
        tk.Button(frame_btn, text="统计收支", command=self.show_summary).pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=10)

        # 初始加载数据
        self.load_records()

    def create_table(self):
        self.cursor.execute("""
        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS records (
            id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
            date TEXT,
            type TEXT,
            amount REAL,
            note TEXT
        )
        """)
        self.conn.commit()

    def add_record(self):
        date = self.entry_date.get()
        type_ = self.combo_type.get()
        try:
            amount = float(self.entry_amount.get())
        except ValueError:
            messagebox.showerror("错误", "金额必须是数字")
            return
        note = self.entry_note.get()

        self.cursor.execute("INSERT INTO records (date, type, amount, note) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)",
                            (date, type_, amount, note))
        self.conn.commit()
        self.load_records()

        # 清空输入框
        self.entry_amount.delete(0, tk.END)
        self.entry_note.delete(0, tk.END)

    def load_records(self):
        for row in self.tree.get_children():
            self.tree.delete(row)

        self.cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM records ORDER BY date DESC")
        for row in self.cursor.fetchall():
            self.tree.insert("", tk.END, values=row)

    def delete_record(self):
        selected = self.tree.selection()
        if not selected:
            messagebox.showwarning("提示", "请选择要删除的记录")
            return

        record_id = self.tree.item(selected[0])["values"][0]
        self.cursor.execute("DELETE FROM records WHERE id=?", (record_id,))
        self.conn.commit()
        self.load_records()

    def show_summary(self):
        self.cursor.execute("SELECT type, SUM(amount) FROM records GROUP BY type")
        result = self.cursor.fetchall()

        income = sum(r[1] for r in result if r[0] == "收入")
        expense = sum(r[1] for r in result if r[0] == "支出")

        messagebox.showinfo("统计结果", f"总收入: {income} 元\n总支出: {expense} 元\n结余: {income - expense} 元")

    def __del__(self):
        self.conn.close()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    root = tk.Tk()
    app = BudgetApp(root)
    root.mainloop()