群晖无法拉取Docker镜像?最稳定的方法:搭建自己的加速服务!

liuian 2025-09-18 03:45 29 浏览

因为未知的原因，国内的各大 DockerHub 镜像服务器无法使用，导致在使用群晖时无法拉取镜像构建容器。

网上大部分的镜像加速服务都是通过 Cloudflare(CF) 搭建的，为什么都选它呢？因为 Cloudflare 提供了很多的免费服务，包括CDN加速、DNS解析、DDoS防护、访问规则、Workers等等。

老宁最开始也是通过CF为大家提供了免费镜像加速服务，不过为了账户安全，老宁在不久后便停止了服务（流量太大）。

这段时间很多粉丝问拉取镜像的问题，所以老宁今天就把 Workers 搭建的详细过程分享出来。通过在群晖上配置加速服务地址，就可以通过 Container Manager 或命令行方便地构建自己喜欢的容器了。

如果想拥有一个稳定的 Docker 加速服务，老宁强烈建议自己搭建！

Workers

Cloudflare Workers 是一种运行在 Cloudflare 全球网络边缘的轻量级、高性能的计算服务。开发者可以使用它来运行 JavaScript 代码，处理 HTTP 请求、修改响应或执行其他脚本任务，而无需管理服务器。

Cloudflare 的 Workers 每天为免费用户提供10万次请求。

前提

Cloudflare 账号
域名（Worker 自带的域名无法访问，所以需要单独的域名）
域名托管到了 Cloudflare

部署

打开 Cloudflare 仪表盘
https://dash.cloudflare.com/，在 Workers 和 Pages 选项卡中点击创建 Worker按钮。

首先需要部署默认的worker才能对其进行修改。

再点击编辑代码，对worker代码进行修改。

接下来在worker中配置加速代码。打开 Github 项目
https://github.com/cmliu/CF-Workers-docker.io，把_worker.js文件中的代码复制粘贴到 Cloudflare 的编辑器中。（需覆盖原来的代码）

// _worker.js

// Docker镜像仓库主机地址
let hub_host = 'registry-1.docker.io';
// Docker认证服务器地址
const auth_url = 'https://auth.docker.io';
// 自定义的工作服务器地址
let workers_url = 'https://xxx/';

let 屏蔽爬虫UA = ['netcraft'];

// 根据主机名选择对应的上游地址
function routeByHosts(host) {
 // 定义路由表
 const routes = {
  // 生产环境
  "quay": "quay.io",
  "gcr": "gcr.io",
  "k8s-gcr": "k8s.gcr.io",
  "k8s": "registry.k8s.io",
  "ghcr": "ghcr.io",
  "cloudsmith": "docker.cloudsmith.io",
  "nvcr": "nvcr.io",
  
  // 测试环境
  "test": "registry-1.docker.io",
 };

 if (host in routes) return [ routes[host], false ];
 else return [ hub_host, true ];
}

/** @type {RequestInit} */
const PREFLIGHT_INIT = {
 // 预检请求配置
 headers: new Headers({
  'access-control-allow-origin': '*', // 允许所有来源
  'access-control-allow-methods': 'GET,POST,PUT,PATCH,TRACE,DELETE,HEAD,OPTIONS', // 允许的HTTP方法
  'access-control-max-age': '1728000', // 预检请求的缓存时间
 }),
}

/**
 * 构造响应
 * @param {any} body 响应体
 * @param {number} status 响应状态码
 * @param {Object<string, string>} headers 响应头
 */
function makeRes(body, status = 200, headers = {}) {
 headers['access-control-allow-origin'] = '*' // 允许所有来源
 return new Response(body, { status, headers }) // 返回新构造的响应
}

/**
 * 构造新的URL对象
 * @param {string} urlStr URL字符串
 */
function newUrl(urlStr) {
 try {
  return new URL(urlStr) // 尝试构造新的URL对象
 } catch (err) {
  return null // 构造失败返回null
 }
}

function isUUID(uuid) {
 // 定义一个正则表达式来匹配 UUID 格式
 const uuidRegex = /^[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[4][0-9a-f]{3}-[89ab][0-9a-f]{3}-[0-9a-f]{12}$/i;
 
 // 使用正则表达式测试 UUID 字符串
 return uuidRegex.test(uuid);
}

async function nginx() {
 const text = `
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html>
 <head>
 <title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
 <style>
  body {
   width: 35em;
   margin: 0 auto;
   font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
  }
 </style>
 </head>
 <body>
 <h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
 <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
 working. Further configuration is required.</p>
 
 <p>For online documentation and support please refer to
 <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
 Commercial support is available at
 <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
 
 <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
 </body>
 </html>
 `
 return text;
}

async function searchInterface() {
 const text = `
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html>
 <head>
  <title>Docker Hub Search</title>
  <style>
  body {
   font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
   display: flex;
   flex-direction: column;
   align-items: center;
   justify-content: center;
   height: 100vh;
   margin: 0;
   background: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(28, 143, 237), rgb(29, 99, 237));
  }
  .logo {
   margin-bottom: 20px;
  }
  .search-container {
   display: flex;
   align-items: center;
  }
  #search-input {
   padding: 10px;
   font-size: 16px;
   border: 1px solid #ddd;
   border-radius: 4px;
   width: 300px;
   margin-right: 10px;
  }
  #search-button {
   padding: 10px;
   background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2); /* 设置白色，透明度为10% */
   border: none;
   border-radius: 4px;
   cursor: pointer;
   width: 44px;
   height: 44px;
   display: flex;
   align-items: center;
   justify-content: center;
  }   
  #search-button svg {
   width: 24px;
   height: 24px;
  }
  </style>
 </head>
 <body>
  <div class="logo">
  <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 18" fill="#ffffff" width="100" height="75">
   <path d="M23.763 6.886c-.065-.053-.673-.512-1.954-.512-.32 0-.659.03-1.01.087-.248-1.703-1.651-2.533-1.716-2.57l-.345-.2-.227.328a4.596 4.596 0 0 0-.611 1.433c-.23.972-.09 1.884.403 2.666-.596.331-1.546.418-1.744.42H.752a.753.753 0 0 0-.75.749c-.007 1.456.233 2.864.692 4.07.545 1.43 1.355 2.483 2.409 3.13 1.181.725 3.104 1.14 5.276 1.14 1.016 0 2.03-.092 2.93-.266 1.417-.273 2.705-.742 3.826-1.391a10.497 10.497 0 0 0 2.61-2.14c1.252-1.42 1.998-3.005 2.553-4.408.075.003.148.005.221.005 1.371 0 2.215-.55 2.68-1.01.505-.5.685-.998.704-1.053L24 7.076l-.237-.19Z"></path>
   <path d="M2.216 8.075h2.119a.186.186 0 0 0 .185-.186V6a.186.186 0 0 0-.185-.186H2.216A.186.186 0 0 0 2.031 6v1.89c0 .103.083.186.185.186Zm2.92 0h2.118a.185.185 0 0 0 .185-.186V6a.185.185 0 0 0-.185-.186H5.136A.185.185 0 0 0 4.95 6v1.89c0 .103.083.186.186.186Zm2.964 0h2.118a.186.186 0 0 0 .185-.186V6a.186.186 0 0 0-.185-.186H8.1A.185.185 0 0 0 7.914 6v1.89c0 .103.083.186.186.186Zm2.928 0h2.119a.185.185 0 0 0 .185-.186V6a.185.185 0 0 0-.185-.186h-2.119a.186.186 0 0 0-.185.186v1.89c0 .103.083.186.185.186Zm-5.892-2.72h2.118a.185.185 0 0 0 .185-.186V3.28a.186.186 0 0 0-.185-.186H5.136a.186.186 0 0 0-.186.186v1.89c0 .103.083.186.186.186Zm2.964 0h2.118a.186.186 0 0 0 .185-.186V3.28a.186.186 0 0 0-.185-.186H8.1a.186.186 0 0 0-.186.186v1.89c0 .103.083.186.186.186Zm2.928 0h2.119a.185.185 0 0 0 .185-.186V3.28a.186.186 0 0 0-.185-.186h-2.119a.186.186 0 0 0-.185.186v1.89c0 .103.083.186.185.186Zm0-2.72h2.119a.186.186 0 0 0 .185-.186V.56a.185.185 0 0 0-.185-.186h-2.119a.186.186 0 0 0-.185.186v1.89c0 .103.083.186.185.186Zm2.955 5.44h2.118a.185.185 0 0 0 .186-.186V6a.185.185 0 0 0-.186-.186h-2.118a.185.185 0 0 0-.185.186v1.89c0 .103.083.186.185.186Z"></path>
  </svg>
  </div>
  <div class="search-container">
  <input type="text" id="search-input" placeholder="Search Docker Hub">
  <button id="search-button">
   <svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
   <path d="M21 21L16.65 16.65M19 11C19 15.4183 15.4183 19 11 19C6.58172 19 3 15.4183 3 11C3 6.58172 6.58172 3 11 3C15.4183 3 19 6.58172 19 11Z" stroke="white" fill="none" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path>
   </svg>
  </button>
  </div>
  <script>
  function performSearch() {
   const query = document.getElementById('search-input').value;
   if (query) {
   window.location.href = '/search?q=' + encodeURIComponent(query);
   }
  }
 
  document.getElementById('search-button').addEventListener('click', performSearch);
  document.getElementById('search-input').addEventListener('keypress', function(event) {
   if (event.key === 'Enter') {
   performSearch();
   }
  });
  </script>
 </body>
 </html>
 `;
 return text;
}

export default {
 async fetch(request, env, ctx) {
  const getReqHeader = (key) => request.headers.get(key); // 获取请求头

  let url = new URL(request.url); // 解析请求URL
  const userAgentHeader = request.headers.get('User-Agent');
  const userAgent = userAgentHeader ? userAgentHeader.toLowerCase() : "null";
  if (env.UA) 屏蔽爬虫UA = 屏蔽爬虫UA.concat(await ADD(env.UA));
  workers_url = `https://${url.hostname}`;
  const pathname = url.pathname;

  // 获取请求参数中的 ns
  const ns = url.searchParams.get('ns'); 
  const hostname = url.searchParams.get('hubhost') || url.hostname;
  const hostTop = hostname.split('.')[0]; // 获取主机名的第一部分

  let checkHost; // 在这里定义 checkHost 变量
  // 如果存在 ns 参数，优先使用它来确定 hub_host
  if (ns) {
   if (ns === 'docker.io') {
    hub_host = 'registry-1.docker.io'; // 设置上游地址为 registry-1.docker.io
   } else {
    hub_host = ns; // 直接使用 ns 作为 hub_host
   }
  } else {
   checkHost = routeByHosts(hostTop);
   hub_host = checkHost[0]; // 获取上游地址
  }

  const fakePage = checkHost ? checkHost[1] : false; // 确保 fakePage 不为 undefined
  console.log(`域名头部: ${hostTop}\n反代地址: ${hub_host}\n伪装首页: ${fakePage}`);
  const isUuid = isUUID(pathname.split('/')[1].split('/')[0]);

  if (屏蔽爬虫UA.some(fxxk => userAgent.includes(fxxk)) && 屏蔽爬虫UA.length > 0) {
   // 首页改成一个nginx伪装页
   return new Response(await nginx(), {
    headers: {
     'Content-Type': 'text/html; charset=UTF-8',
    },
   });
  }

  const conditions = [
   isUuid,
   pathname.includes('/_'),
   pathname.includes('/r/'),
   pathname.includes('/v2/repositories'),
   pathname.includes('/v2/user'),
   pathname.includes('/v2/orgs'),
   pathname.includes('/v2/_catalog'),
   pathname.includes('/v2/categories'),
   pathname.includes('/v2/feature-flags'),
   pathname.includes('search'),
   pathname.includes('source'),
   pathname == '/',
   pathname == '/favicon.ico',
   pathname == '/auth/profile',
  ];

  if (conditions.some(condition => condition) && (fakePage === true || hostTop == 'docker')) {
   if (env.URL302) {
    return Response.redirect(env.URL302, 302);
   } else if (env.URL) {
    if (env.URL.toLowerCase() == 'nginx') {
     //首页改成一个nginx伪装页
     return new Response(await nginx(), {
      headers: {
       'Content-Type': 'text/html; charset=UTF-8',
      },
     });
    } else return fetch(new Request(env.URL, request));
   } else if (url.pathname == '/'){
    return new Response(await searchInterface(), {
     headers: {
       'Content-Type': 'text/html; charset=UTF-8',
     },
    });
   }
   
   const newUrl = new URL("https://registry.hub.docker.com" + pathname + url.search);

   // 复制原始请求的标头
   const headers = new Headers(request.headers);

   // 确保 Host 头部被替换为 hub.docker.com
   headers.set('Host', 'registry.hub.docker.com');

   const newRequest = new Request(newUrl, {
     method: request.method,
     headers: headers,
     body: request.method !== 'GET' && request.method !== 'HEAD' ? await request.blob() : null,
     redirect: 'follow'
   });

   return fetch(newRequest);
  }

  // 修改包含 %2F 和 %3A 的请求
  if (!/%2F/.test(url.search) && /%3A/.test(url.toString())) {
   let modifiedUrl = url.toString().replace(/%3A(?=.*?&)/, '%3Alibrary%2F');
   url = new URL(modifiedUrl);
   console.log(`handle_url: ${url}`);
  }

  // 处理token请求
  if (url.pathname.includes('/token')) {
   let token_parameter = {
    headers: {
     'Host': 'auth.docker.io',
     'User-Agent': getReqHeader("User-Agent"),
     'Accept': getReqHeader("Accept"),
     'Accept-Language': getReqHeader("Accept-Language"),
     'Accept-Encoding': getReqHeader("Accept-Encoding"),
     'Connection': 'keep-alive',
     'Cache-Control': 'max-age=0'
    }
   };
   let token_url = auth_url + url.pathname + url.search;
   return fetch(new Request(token_url, request), token_parameter);
  }

  // 修改 /v2/ 请求路径
  if ( hub_host == 'registry-1.docker.io' && /^\/v2\/[^/]+\/[^/]+\/[^/]+$/.test(url.pathname) && !/^\/v2\/library/.test(url.pathname)) {
   //url.pathname = url.pathname.replace(/\/v2\//, '/v2/library/');
   url.pathname = '/v2/library/' + url.pathname.split('/v2/')[1];
   console.log(`modified_url: ${url.pathname}`);
  }

  // 更改请求的主机名
  url.hostname = hub_host;

  // 构造请求参数
  let parameter = {
   headers: {
    'Host': hub_host,
    'User-Agent': getReqHeader("User-Agent"),
    'Accept': getReqHeader("Accept"),
    'Accept-Language': getReqHeader("Accept-Language"),
    'Accept-Encoding': getReqHeader("Accept-Encoding"),
    'Connection': 'keep-alive',
    'Cache-Control': 'max-age=0'
   },
   cacheTtl: 3600 // 缓存时间
  };

  // 添加Authorization头
  if (request.headers.has("Authorization")) {
   parameter.headers.Authorization = getReqHeader("Authorization");
  }

  // 发起请求并处理响应
  let original_response = await fetch(new Request(url, request), parameter);
  let original_response_clone = original_response.clone();
  let original_text = original_response_clone.body;
  let response_headers = original_response.headers;
  let new_response_headers = new Headers(response_headers);
  let status = original_response.status;

  // 修改 Www-Authenticate 头
  if (new_response_headers.get("Www-Authenticate")) {
   let auth = new_response_headers.get("Www-Authenticate");
   let re = new RegExp(auth_url, 'g');
   new_response_headers.set("Www-Authenticate", response_headers.get("Www-Authenticate").replace(re, workers_url));
  }

  // 处理重定向
  if (new_response_headers.get("Location")) {
   return httpHandler(request, new_response_headers.get("Location"));
  }

  // 返回修改后的响应
  let response = new Response(original_text, {
   status,
   headers: new_response_headers
  });
  return response;
 }
};

/**
 * 处理HTTP请求
 * @param {Request} req 请求对象
 * @param {string} pathname 请求路径
 */
function httpHandler(req, pathname) {
 const reqHdrRaw = req.headers;

 // 处理预检请求
 if (req.method === 'OPTIONS' &&
  reqHdrRaw.has('access-control-request-headers')
 ) {
  return new Response(null, PREFLIGHT_INIT);
 }

 let rawLen = '';

 const reqHdrNew = new Headers(reqHdrRaw);

 const refer = reqHdrNew.get('referer');

 let urlStr = pathname;

 const urlObj = newUrl(urlStr);

 /** @type {RequestInit} */
 const reqInit = {
  method: req.method,
  headers: reqHdrNew,
  redirect: 'follow',
  body: req.body
 };
 return proxy(urlObj, reqInit, rawLen);
}

/**
 * 代理请求
 * @param {URL} urlObj URL对象
 * @param {RequestInit} reqInit 请求初始化对象
 * @param {string} rawLen 原始长度
 */
async function proxy(urlObj, reqInit, rawLen) {
 const res = await fetch(urlObj.href, reqInit);
 const resHdrOld = res.headers;
 const resHdrNew = new Headers(resHdrOld);

 // 验证长度
 if (rawLen) {
  const newLen = resHdrOld.get('content-length') || '';
  const badLen = (rawLen !== newLen);

  if (badLen) {
   return makeRes(res.body, 400, {
    '--error': `bad len: ${newLen}, except: ${rawLen}`,
    'access-control-expose-headers': '--error',
   });
  }
 }
 const status = res.status;
 resHdrNew.set('access-control-expose-headers', '*');
 resHdrNew.set('access-control-allow-origin', '*');
 resHdrNew.set('Cache-Control', 'max-age=1500');

 // 删除不必要的头
 resHdrNew.delete('content-security-policy');
 resHdrNew.delete('content-security-policy-report-only');
 resHdrNew.delete('clear-site-data');

 return new Response(res.body, {
  status,
  headers: resHdrNew
 });
}

async function ADD(envadd) {
 var addtext = envadd.replace(/[  |"'\r\n]+/g, ',').replace(/,+/g, ','); // 将空格、双引号、单引号和换行符替换为逗号
 if (addtext.charAt(0) == ',') addtext = addtext.slice(1);
 if (addtext.charAt(addtext.length - 1) == ',') addtext = addtext.slice(0, addtext.length - 1);
 const add = addtext.split(',');
 return add;
}

粘贴完毕后，把第8行url地址修改为自己的域名地址（域名为绑定到CF的域名，前缀任意）。

修改完毕后需要点击右上角的部署按钮进行部署。

部署成功后打开设置->域和路由->添加，新增一个路由。区域选择域名，路由输入前面在worker中配置的域名，域名后需加上/*。（可以先在这里配置好了再去修改脚本的域名）

回到 Cloudflare 主页，点击网站进入域名相关设置。

在DNS中新增一条A记录，名称为前面设置的域名前缀，值可以设置为任意IP（2.2.2.2）。注意这里小云朵（代理）一定要打开。

稍等片刻，在浏览器中输入域名，出现以下界面就代表加速服务配置成功。