linux kernel内核的头文件获取、安装等方法

交叉编译时经常会用到这些头文件。

下载合适版本的linux

地址：

• https://mirrors.aliyun.com/linux-kernel/
• https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/

解压：

biren@ubuntu:~/crossbuild/src$ tar jxf linux-3.9.tar.bz2 

配置内核：

biren@ubuntu:~/crossbuild/src/linux-3.9$ make ARCH=arm menuconfig
  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/conf.o
  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/checklist.o
  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/inputbox.o
  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/menubox.o
  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/textbox.o
。。。

检查源文件中的头文件：

命令：make ARCH=arm headers_check

ARCH用于指定目标架构

biren@ubuntu:~/crossbuild/src$ cd linux-3.9/
biren@ubuntu:~/crossbuild/src/linux-3.9$ make mrproper
biren@ubuntu:~/crossbuild/src/linux-3.9$ make ARCH=arm headers_check
  CHK     include/generated/uapi/linux/version.h
  UPD     include/generated/uapi/linux/version.h   此时会生成version.h文件
  HOSTCC  scripts/basic/fixdep
  WRAP    arch/arm/include/generated/asm/auxvec.h
  WRAP    arch/arm/include/generated/asm/bitsperlong.h
  WRAP    arch/arm/include/generated/asm/cputime.h
。。。
  WRAP    arch/arm/include/generated/asm/types.h
  WRAP    arch/arm/include/generated/asm/unaligned.h
  HOSTCC  scripts/unifdef
  INSTALL include/asm-generic (35 files)
。。。
  INSTALL include/uapi (0 file)
  INSTALL include/asm (34 files)
  CHECK   include/asm-generic (35 files)
  。。。
  CHECK   include/linux (382 files)
/home/biren/crossbuild/src/linux-3.9/usr/include/linux/kexec.h:49: userspace cannot reference function or variable defined in the kernel
/home/biren/crossbuild/src/linux-3.9/usr/include/linux/soundcard.h:1054: userspace cannot reference function or variable defined in the kernel
 。。。
  CHECK   include/uapi (0 files)
  CHECK   include/asm (34 files)

生成头文件：

make ARCH=arm INSTALL_HDR_PATH=./jwj/ headers_install

INSTALL_HDR_PATH=./jwj用于指定新的头文件存放目录

biren@ubuntu:~/crossbuild/src/linux-3.9$ make ARCH=arm INSTALL_HDR_PATH=./jwj/ headers_install
  CHK     include/generated/uapi/linux/version.h  
  INSTALL jwj//include/asm-generic/ (35 files)
  INSTALL jwj//include/drm/ (15 files)
  INSTALL jwj//include/linux/byteorder/ (2 files)
  INSTALL jwj//include/linux/caif/ (2 files)
  INSTALL jwj//include/linux/can/ (5 files)
  INSTALL jwj//include/linux/dvb/ (8 files)
  INSTALL jwj//include/linux/hdlc/ (1 file)
  INSTALL jwj//include/linux/hsi/ (1 file)
  INSTALL jwj//include/linux/isdn/ (1 file)
  INSTALL jwj//include/linux/mmc/ (1 file)
  INSTALL jwj//include/linux/netfilter/ipset/ (4 files)
  INSTALL jwj//include/linux/netfilter/ (78 files)
  INSTALL jwj//include/linux/netfilter_arp/ (2 files)
  INSTALL jwj//include/linux/netfilter_bridge/ (18 files)
  INSTALL jwj//include/linux/netfilter_ipv4/ (10 files)
  INSTALL jwj//include/linux/netfilter_ipv6/ (12 files)
  INSTALL jwj//include/linux/nfsd/ (5 files)
  INSTALL jwj//include/linux/raid/ (2 files)
  INSTALL jwj//include/linux/spi/ (1 file)
  INSTALL jwj//include/linux/sunrpc/ (1 file)
  INSTALL jwj//include/linux/tc_act/ (7 files)
  INSTALL jwj//include/linux/tc_ematch/ (4 files)
  INSTALL jwj//include/linux/usb/ (10 files)
  INSTALL jwj//include/linux/wimax/ (1 file)
  INSTALL jwj//include/linux/ (382 files)
  INSTALL jwj//include/mtd/ (5 files)
  INSTALL jwj//include/rdma/ (6 files)
  INSTALL jwj//include/scsi/fc/ (4 files)
  INSTALL jwj//include/scsi/ (3 files)
  INSTALL jwj//include/sound/ (10 files)
  INSTALL jwj//include/video/ (3 files)
  INSTALL jwj//include/xen/ (2 files)
  INSTALL jwj//include/uapi/ (0 file)
  INSTALL jwj//include/asm/ (34 files)

查看结果：

biren@ubuntu:~/crossbuild/src/linux-3.9/jwj/include$ ll
total 60
drwxrwxr-x 13 biren biren  4096 Apr 29 16:11 ./
drwxrwxr-x  3 biren biren  4096 Apr 29 16:11 ../
drwxrwxr-x  2 biren biren  4096 Apr 29 16:11 asm/
drwxrwxr-x  2 biren biren  4096 Apr 29 16:11 asm-generic/
drwxrwxr-x  2 biren biren  4096 Apr 29 16:11 drm/
drwxrwxr-x 23 biren biren 12288 Apr 29 16:11 linux/
drwxrwxr-x  2 biren biren  4096 Apr 29 16:11 mtd/
drwxrwxr-x  2 biren biren  4096 Apr 29 16:11 rdma/
drwxrwxr-x  3 biren biren  4096 Apr 29 16:11 scsi/
drwxrwxr-x  2 biren biren  4096 Apr 29 16:11 sound/
drwxrwxr-x  2 biren biren  4096 Apr 29 16:11 uapi/
drwxrwxr-x  2 biren biren  4096 Apr 29 16:11 video/
drwxrwxr-x  2 biren biren  4096 Apr 29 16:11 xen/

biren@ubuntu:~/crossbuild/src/linux-3.9$ tree -d ./jwj
./jwj
└── include
    ├── asm   交叉编译工具用到
    ├── asm-generic  交叉编译工具用到
    ├── drm
    ├── linux  交叉编译工具用到
    │   ├── byteorder
    │   ├── caif
    │   ├── can
    │   ├── dvb
    │   ├── hdlc
    │   ├── hsi
    │   ├── isdn
    │   ├── mmc
    │   ├── netfilter
    │   │   └── ipset
    │   ├── netfilter_arp
    │   ├── netfilter_bridge
    │   ├── netfilter_ipv4
    │   ├── netfilter_ipv6
    │   ├── nfsd
    │   ├── raid
    │   ├── spi
    │   ├── sunrpc
    │   ├── tc_act
    │   ├── tc_ematch
    │   ├── usb
    │   └── wimax
    ├── mtd
    ├── rdma
    ├── scsi
    │   └── fc
    ├── sound
    ├── uapi  交叉编译工具用到
    ├── video
    └── xen
35 directories

其中重要的几个是：asm, asm-generic, linux , uapi

uapi是从各模块抽取出来的用于启动内核相关的。

====================================

低版本的内核头文件获取不需要以上步骤，只需从源码文件中复制出来即可。

如linux-2.6.10版本

存放在linux-2.6.10/include里

biren@ubuntu:~/crossbuild/src/linux-2.6.10/include$ ls
acpi       asm-generic  asm-m68k       asm-ppc64  asm-sparc64  math-emu  rxrpc
asm-alpha  asm-h8300    asm-m68knommu  asm-s390   asm-um       media     scsi
asm-arm    asm-i386     asm-mips       asm-sh     asm-v850     mtd       sound
asm-arm26  asm-ia64     asm-parisc     asm-sh64   asm-x86_64   net       video
asm-cris   asm-m32r     asm-ppc        asm-sparc  linux        pcmcia

其中：asm-xxx对应asm, 选择适合的将它改名为asm即可，低版本中没有uapi目录

高版本中的asm存放在arch/arm/include下面。

====================================

如果要在系统中安装头文件可用如下命令：

apt-get install linux-headers

sudo apt-get install linux-headers
[sudo] password for biren: 
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Package linux-headers is a virtual package provided by:
  linux-headers-5.4.0-1019-ibm 5.4.0-1019.21~18.04.1
  linux-headers-5.4.0-1018-ibm 5.4.0-1018.20~18.04.1
  linux-headers-5.4.0-1017-ibm 5.4.0-1017.19~18.04.1
  linux-headers-5.4.0-1015-ibm 5.4.0-1015.16~18.04.1
  linux-headers-5.4.0-1014-ibm 5.4.0-1014.15~18.04.1
  linux-headers-5.4.0-1012-ibm 5.4.0-1012.13~18.04.1
  linux-headers-5.4.0-1010-ibm 5.4.0-1010.11~18.04.2
  linux-headers-5.3.0-1045-gke 5.3.0-1045.48
  linux-headers-5.3.0-1044-gke 5.3.0-1044.47
。。。。。。

其它说明 ：

include/linux目录里必须有version.h，如果没有可以手动添加

方法如下：

（198912是版本0x03/0x09/0x00组合而成的0x030900的十进制)

#define UTS_RELEASE "3.9.0"
#define LINUX_VERSION_CODE 198912
#define KERNEL_VERSION(a,b,c) (((a) << 16) + ((b) << 8) + (c))

获取本源码内核所支持的架构：

biren@ubuntu:~/crossbuild/src/linux-2.6.10$ ls -d include/asm-* | sed 's/.*-//'
alpha
arm
arm26
cris
generic
h8300
i386
ia64
m32r
m68k
m68knommu
mips
parisc
ppc
ppc64
s390
sh
sh64
sparc
sparc64
um
v850
x86_64

或查看linux-2.6.10/arch目录