Objective 目的
To ensure that crewmembers can respond effectively to a fire situation in accordance with the shipboard emergency plan.
确保船员能根据船上应急计划有效应对失火情况。
Industry Guidance 行业指南
IMO: MSC.1/Circ.1432 Revised guidelines for the maintenance and inspection of fire protection systems and appliances
IMO: MSC.1/Circ.1432 经修订的防火系统和设备维护保养和检查指南
2 Operational readiness 随时可用
All fire protection systems and appliances should at all times be in good order and readily available for immediate use while the ship is in service. If a fire protection system is undergoing maintenance, testing or repair, then suitable arrangements should be made to ensure safety is not diminished through the provision of alternate fixed or portable fire protection equipment or other measures. The onboard maintenance plan should include provisions for this purpose. 船舶在营运期间，所有消防系统和设备应始终处于良好状态，并随时可用。如消防系统正在维修、 测试或维修，则应作出适当的安排，以确保安全不会因提供备用的固定或便携式消防设备或其他措 施而减少。船上的维修计划应包括这方面的规定。
3 Maintenance and testing 维护与测试
3.1 Onboard maintenance and inspections should be carried out in accordance with the ship's maintenance plan, which should include the minimum elements listed in sections 4 to 10 of these Guidelines. 船上的维修和检查应按照船舶的维修保养计划进行，该计划应至少包括本指南第 4 条至第 10 条的 要素的最低要求。
3.2 Certain maintenance procedures and inspections may be performed by competent crew members who have completed an advanced fire-fighting training course, while others should be performed by persons specially trained in the maintenance of such systems. The onboard maintenance plan should indicate which parts of the recommended inspections and maintenance are to be completed by trained personnel. 某些维修程序和检查可由已完成高级消防培训课程的有能力的船员实施，而其他程序和检查则应由 在此类系统的维修方面受过专门培训的人员执行。船上的维修计划应该指出建议的检查和维修的哪 些部分是由受过培训的人员完成的。
3.3 Inspections should be carried out by the crew to ensure that the indicated weekly, monthly, quarterly, annual, two- year, five-year and ten-year actions are taken for the specified equipment, if provided. Records of the inspections should be carried on board the ship or may be computerbased. In cases where the inspections and maintenance are carried out by trained service technicians other than the ship's crew, inspection reports should be provided at the completion of the testing. 指定设备的检查应对由船员按每周，月，季度，年度，两年，五年和十年周期进行。检查的记录（可 以是电子文档）应保留在船上（如适用）。如果检查和维护是由船员以外的、经过培训的技术服务人 员进行，他们应在测试完成后提供检测报告。
3.4 In addition to the onboard maintenance and inspections stated in these Guidelines, manufacturer's maintenance and inspection guidelines should be followed. 除了这些维修和检查指南以外，船上应保存制造商的维修和检验说明作为附件。
3.5 Where particular arrangements create practical difficulties, alternative testing and maintenance procedures should be to the satisfaction of the Administration. 入门某些检验和维护安排有实际困难，替代措施应能使主管机关满意。
(These guidelines set out requirements applicable to ventilation systems and fire dampers for: 这些指南规定适用于通风系统及防火闸的规定:)
Quarterly tests of all fire dampers for local operation. 每季度对所有防火风闸进行现场操作测试。
all fire dampers for remote operation, and 所有的防火风闸都可以远程操作
all ventilation controls interconnected with fire-protection systems for proper operation.) 所有通风控制装置均与消防系统相连，以确保运作正常。)
requires that formal familiarisation procedures are in place for vessel personnel, including contractors. 要求提供船员(包括供应商)以书面的熟悉程序。
The documented procedures may include familiarisation with: 文件化的程序，包括熟悉:
Vessel specific operations and equipment. 船舶特定的设备及其操作规程
10.1 The Company should establish procedures to ensure that the ship is maintained in conformity with the provisions of the relevant rules and regulations and with any additional requirements which may be established by the Company.公司应当建立有关程序，以便保证船舶安装有关规定、规则以及公司可能制定的任何附加要 求进行维护。
10.2 In meeting these requirements the Company should ensure that:为满足这些要求，公司应当保证：
1. inspections are held at appropriate intervals,按照适当的间隔期进行检查
2. any non-conformity is reported with its possible cause, if known,任何不符合规定情况得到报告，并附可能的原因
3. appropriate corrective action is taken, and采取适当的纠正措施；以及
4. records of these activities are maintained.保存这些活动的记录
IMO: SOLAS Chapter II-2 Regulation 5 第 II-2 章第 14 条第 5 条
1 Purpose 目的
The purpose of this regulation is to limit the fire growth potential in every space of the ship. For this purpose, the following functional requirements shall be met:本条目的是限制船舶各种处所内潜在的火势增大。为此，应满足下列功能要求：
.1 means of control for the air supply to the space shall be provided.应设有控制处所空气供给的装置；
.2 Control of air supply and flammable liquid to the space应设有控制处所内易燃液体的装置；和
2.1 Closing appliances and stopping devices of ventilation通风的关闭和停止装置
2.1.1 The main inlets and outlets of all ventilation systems shall be capable of being closed from outside the spaces being ventilated. The means of closing shall be easily accessible as well as prominently and permanently marked and shall indicate whether the shutoff is open or closed. 所有通风系统的主要进气口和出气口都应能从通风处所的外部关闭。关闭装置操作位置应易 于到达，有显著的永久性标志，且应指示出关闭装置是处在开启位置还是处在关闭位置。
2.1.2 Power ventilation of accommodation spaces, service spaces, cargo spaces, control stations and machinery spaces shall be capable of being stopped from an easily accessible position outside the space being served. This position shall not be readily cut off in the event of a fire in the spaces served. 起居处所、服务处所、货物处所、控制站和机器处所的动力通风，应能从其所通风的处所外部 易于到达的位置将其停止。此位置在其服务的处所失火时应不易被切断。
2.2 Means of control in machinery spaces 机器处所的控制装置
2.2.1 Means of control shall be provided for opening and closure of skylights, closure of openings in funnels which normally allow exhaust ventilation and closure of ventilator dampers. 应设有供天窗开启和关闭、在烟囱上正常排气通风开口关闭和通风挡火闸关闭用的控制装置。
2.2.2 Means of control shall be provided for stopping ventilating fans. Controls provided for the power ventilation serving machinery spaces shall be grouped so as to be operable from two positions, one of which shall be outside such spaces. The means provided for stopping the power ventilation of the machinery spaces shall be entirely separate from the means provided for stopping ventilation of other spaces. 应设有停止通风机的控制装置。对服务于机器处所的动力通风应设有能从两个位置集中控制的 装置，其中之一应位于这种处所的外面。机器处所内的动力通风停止装置应与其他处所内的通 风停止装置完全分开。
2.2.3 Means of control shall be provided for stopping forced and induced draught fans…应设有停止强力鼓风机和抽风机…
2.2.4 The controls required in paragraphs 2.2.1 to 2.2.3 and in regulation 4.2.2.3.4 shall be located outside the space concerned so they will not be cut off in the event of fire in the space they serve. 本条 2.2.1 至 2.2.3 和第 4.2.2.3.4 条要求的控制装置应位于各有关处所的外部，从而不会在其 所服务的处所失火时被切断。
IMO: MSC.1/Circ.1434 Unified interpretations of SOLAS chapter II-2IMO: MSC.1/Circ.1434 SOLAS 第 II-2 章的统一解释
Regulation II-2/5.2.1.1 Closing appliances and stopping devices of ventilationRegulation II-2/5.2.1.1 通风的关闭和停止装置
2. Where a battery room ventilator is fitted with a closing device, then a warning notice stating, for example "This closing device is to be kept open and only closed in the event of fire or other emergency – Explosive gas", should be provided at the closing device to mitigate the possibility of inadvertent closing 如果电瓶间配备关闭设备,然后张贴警告通知,例如“该关闭装置应保持开放，除非在发生失火或 其他紧急情况—爆炸性气体时关闭”,应提供减少关闭装置在无意时关闭的可能性
IMO: SOLAS Chapter II-2 Regulation 14 第 II-2 章第 14 条
2.2.3 The maintenance plan shall include at least the following fire protection system and firefighting systems and appliances, where installed: 维护保养计划应至少包括下列防火系统和灭火系统及设备（如已安装）：
.5 ventilation systems, including fire and smoke dampers, fans and their controls. 通风系统，包括挡火闸、挡烟闸、风机及其控制装置；
Inspection Guidance 检查指南
The vessel operator should have developed procedures which:船公司应编制下列程序:
Defined the frequency of inspections, tests and maintenance of fire dampers, skylights, closing devices and remote fan stops. 规定防火风闸、天窗、关闭设备和远程风机停止的检查、测试和维护频率。
Required the vessel to identify each closing device for ventilation inlet or outlet and determine whether it should be open or closed while conducting cargo operations. 要求船舶识别通风入口或出口的每个关闭装置，并确定在进行货物操作时应开启或关闭。
Required each closing device for ventilation inlet or outlet to be marked with its required position of either open or closed while in port and conducting cargo operations. 在港和进行货物操作时，要求每个通风进风口或出风口的关闭装置标明其所需的开启或关闭位 置。
When determining whether a closing device for ventilation inlet or outlets should be closed in port the following should be considered: 在确定通风入口或出口的关闭装置是否应在港口保持关闭时，应考虑以下因素:
The potential build-up of flammable or explosive gas within a space. 空间内可能积聚易燃或爆炸性气体
The potential build-up of heat from items such as laundry driers. 洗衣烘干机等可能积聚的热量
Suggested Inspector Actions 检查官的行动建议
Sight, and where necessary review, the vessel specific list of closing devices for ventilation inlets or outlets and their required status while conducting cargo operations. 察看，并在必要时复查本船所列明的通风机进、出口关闭装置以及在货物操作时所需的状态
Inspect a representative sample of ventilation closing devices found onboard and verify that they were in good order, operating freely and clearly marked with: 对船上的通风关闭装置的抽样检查并验证确认它们处于良好状态，自由运行，并清晰标识有:
The spaces they served. 服务处所
Their open/shut positions. 打开/关闭的位置。
Any required warning notices e.g. battery lockers. 任何必需的警告通知，例如电瓶间
Their required position when conducting cargo operations. 货物操作时要求的开关位置
Sight the remote stops for accommodation and machinery space fans and verify that the items served by each remote stop were clearly identified. 查看生活区和机器处所的远程关闭控制站，确认每个远程站提供的物品都被清楚地识别。
Where necessary, review the records of inspections, tests and maintenance carried out in the maintenance plan, confirm fan stops have been tested as required by the company procedure. 必要时，审查维护计划中执行的检查、测试和维护记录，确认已按照公司程序的要求进行了风 机停止测试。
Interview one officer and one rating to verify their familiarity, subject to their normal operational and emergency duties, with the location, purpose and operation of the vessel’s fire dampers, skylights, closing devices and remote fan stops. 与一名高级船员和一名普通船员进行交流，以核实他们在执行正常操作和紧急任务的情况下， 是否熟悉船上防火闸、天窗、关闭装置和风机遥控停止装置的位置、用途和操作。
Expected Evidence 需要的证据
The vessel’s maintenance plan for vessel’s fire protection systems and fire-fighting systems and appliances. 船舶的消防系统和消防系统及用具的维修保养计划。
The records of inspections, tests and maintenance carried out on fire dampers, skylights, closing devices and remote fan stops. 防火风闸、天窗、关闭装置和风机远程停止装置的检查、测试和维护记录。
The vessel specific list of closing devices for ventilation inlets or outlets and their required status while conducting cargo operations. 船舶通风进口或出口关闭装置的具体清单及其在进行货物作业时所要求的状态。
Potential Grounds for a Negative Observation 负面观察项的潜在证据
The Master, officers or crew were not familiar with the location, purpose and operation of the vessel’s fire dampers, skylights, closing devices or remote fan stops. 船长、高级船员或船员不熟悉船舶防火挡板、天窗、关闭装置或风机远程停止装置的位置、目 的和操作。
Closing devices did not operate freely. 关闭装置无法自由操作
l Closing devices were ineffective due to corrosion, worn gaskets, seized dogs etc. 由于腐蚀，磨损垫圈，卡死等，关闭装置无效。
l Closing devices were not clearly marked with the spaces they served or their open/shut positions. 关闭装置未清晰标识其服务处所或开关位置。
l Closing devices were not marked with required warning notices e.g. battery lockers. 关闭装置未按要求进行必要的警示标识，如电瓶间
l Closing devices were not marked with the required position when conduction cargo operations. 货物操作作业时，关闭装置未标明规定的开关位置。
l An interviewed officer or rating was not familiar with the required position of each closing device while conducting cargo operations. 接受询问的高级船员或普通船员在进行货物操作时，不熟悉每个关闭装置的要求位置。
l Access to closing devices or fan stops was obstructed. 接近关闭设备或风扇停止装置被阻塞。
l Remote operated closing devices were found to be inhibited or prevented from closing fully by obstructions. 远程操作的关闭装置发现被隔离或因障碍无法完全关闭。
l The maintenance plan for the vessel’s fire protection systems and fire-fighting systems and appliances did not include fire dampers, skylights, closing devices and remote fan stops or all the required inspections, tests and maintenance. 该船的失火保护系统和灭火系统和设备的维修计划未包括防火风闸、天窗、关闭装置和风机远 程停止或所有必要的检查、测试和维修。
l There was no maintenance plan for the vessel’s fire protection systems and fire-fighting systems and appliances available. 该船的失火保护系统和灭火系统和设备没有维修计划。
l The accompanying officer was unfamiliar with the maintenance plan for the vessel’s fire protection systems and fire-fighting systems and appliances. 在船高级船员不熟悉该船的失火保护系统和灭火系统及用具的维修计划。
l Records of inspections, tests and maintenance carried out were incomplete. 检查、试验和维修的记录不完整。
l Inspection of the vessel’s fire dampers, skylights, closing devices and remote fan stops indicated that actions recorded in the plan had not in fact taken place. 对船上防火挡板，天窗，关闭装置和远程关停风机等的检查发现，计划中记录的操作实际上未 发生
l The vessel’s fire dampers, skylights, closing devices or remote fan stops were defective in any way. 船上防火挡板，天窗，关闭装置和远程关停风机装置等存在缺陷。